Compare Papua New Guinea (2005) - Christmas Island (2008)

Compare Papua New Guinea (2005) z Christmas Island (2008)

	Papua New Guinea (2005)	Christmas Island (2008)

Administrative divisions	20 provinces; Bougainville, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 38.1% (male 1,072,910/female 1,037,635) 15-64 years: 58.1% (male 1,662,166/female 1,559,685) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 99,777/female 113,095) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products	coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, poultry, pork	NA
Airports	571 (2004 est.)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 550 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 62 under 914 m: 478 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 462,840 sq km land: 452,860 sq km water: 9,980 sq km	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than California	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background	The eastern half of the island of New Guinea - second largest in the world - was divided between Germany (north) and the UK (south) in 1885. The latter area was transferred to Australia in 1902, which occupied the northern portion during World War I and continued to administer the combined areas until independence in 1975. A nine-year secessionist revolt on the island of Bougainville ended in 1997 after claiming some 20,000 lives.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	29.95 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $1.174 billion expenditures: $1.232 billion, including capital expenditures of $344 million (2004 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA
Capital	Port Moresby	name: The Settlement geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation	tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline	5,152 km	138.9 km
Constitution	16 September 1975	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea conventional short form: Papua New Guinea former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea abbreviation: PNG	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Death rate	7.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$2.463 billion (2004 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Robert W. FITTS embassy: Douglas Street, Port Moresby mailing address: 4240 Port Moresby PI, US Department of State, Washington DC 20521-4240 telephone: [675] 321-1455 FAX: [675] 321-3423	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Evan Jeremy PAKI chancery: 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680 FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	relies on assistance from Australia to keep out illegal cross-border activities from primarily Indonesia, including goods smuggling, illegal narcotics trafficking, and squatters and secessionists	none
Economic aid - recipient	$400 million (1999 est.)	$NA
Economy - overview	Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain and the high cost of developing infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mineral deposits, including oil, copper, and gold, account for 72% of export earnings. The economy has improved over the past two years, following a prolonged period of instability. Former Prime Minister Mekere MORAUTA had tried to restore integrity to state institutions, to stabilize the kina, restore stability to the national budget, to privatize public enterprises where appropriate, and to ensure ongoing peace on Bougainville. Australia annually supplies $240 million in aid, which accounts for 20% of the national budget. Challenges face Prime Minister Michael SOMARE, including gaining further investor confidence, continuing efforts to privatize government assets, maintaining the support of members of Parliament, and balancing relations with Australia, the former colonial ruler.	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin operations in the near future.
Electricity - consumption	1.561 billion kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - production	1.679 billion kWh (2002)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; severe drought	loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	kina per US dollar - 3.2225 (2004), 3.5635 (2003), 3.8952 (2002), 3.3887 (2001), 2.7822 (2000)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by governor general Sir Paulius MATANE (since 29 June 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Michael SOMARE (since 2 August 2002); deputy prime minister (vacant) cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the National Executive Council; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually is appointed prime minister by the governor general	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	NA	$NA
Exports - commodities	oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns	phosphate
Exports - partners	Australia 28%, Japan 5.8%, Germany 4.7%, China 4.6% (2004)	Australia, NZ (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered	territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island note: the flag of Australia is used for official purposes
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 34.5% industry: 34.7% services: 30.8% (2004 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2004 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	0.9% (2004 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	6 00 S, 147 00 E	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Heliports	2 (2004 est.)	-
Highways	total: 19,600 km paved: 686 km unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.7% highest 10%: 40.5% (1996)	-
Imports	NA	$NA
Imports - commodities	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals	consumer goods
Imports - partners	Australia 46.4%, Singapore 21.6%, Japan 4.3%, New Zealand 4.2% (2004)	principally Australia (2006)
Independence	16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-
Industries	copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	total: 51.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 47.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.2% (2004 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACP, APEC, ARF, AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	none
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	3.32 million (2004 est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 85%, industry NA, services NA	-
Land boundaries	total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.46% permanent crops: 1.44% other: 98.1% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Languages	Melanesian Pidgin serves as the lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2%, Motu spoken in Papua region note: 715 indigenous languages - many unrelated	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	based on English common law	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Parliament - sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly (109 seats, 89 elected from open electorates and 20 from provincial electorates; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 15-29 June 2002 and April and May 2003; completed in May 2003 (voting in the Southern Highlands was not completed during the June 2002 election period); next to be held not later than June 2007 election results: percent of vote by party - National Alliance 18%, URP 13%, PDM 12%, PPP 8%, Pangu 6%, PAP 5%, PLP 4%, others 34%; seats by party - National Alliance 19, URP 14, PDM 13, PPP 8, PANGU 6, PAP 5, PLP 4, others 40; note - association with political parties is fluid (2003)	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 64.93 years male: 62.76 years female: 67.21 years (2005 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 64.6% male: 71.1% female: 57.7% (2002)	NA
Location	Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 47,586 GRT/60,934 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 17, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 2 foreign-owned: 8 (Singapore 2, United Kingdom 6) (2005)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Maritime Operations Element, Air Operations Element)	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$16.9 million (2003)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.4% (FY02)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 16 September (1975)	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality	noun: Papua New Guinean(s) adjective: Papua New Guinean	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA
Pipelines	oil 264 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	Christian Democratic Party [Dr. Banare BUN, party leader]; Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [Sir Moi AVEL, party leader]; National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE, party leader; George MANOA, party president]; National Party [Melchior PEP, party leader]; Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU [Chris HAIVETA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea First Party [Cecilking DORUBA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea Labor Party [Bob DANAYA, party leader]; Papua New Guinea Party (was People's Democratic Movement or PDM) [Sir Mekere MORAUTA, party leader]; People's Action Party or PAP [Moses MALADINA, party leader]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Ekis ROPENU, party leader]; People's National Congress or PNC [Peter O'NEILL, party leader]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Andrew BAING, party leader]; Pipol First Party [Luther WENGE, party leader]; Rural People's Party [Peter NAMUS, party leader]; United Party [Bire KIMASOPA, party leader]; United Resources Party or URP [Tim NEVILLE, party leader] (2004)	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	5,545,268 (July 2005 est.)	1,402 (July 2006 est.) (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	37% (2002 est.)	-
Population growth rate	2.26% (2005 est.)	0% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Kimbe, Lae, Rabaul	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 8, FM 19, shortwave 28 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)
Religions	Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: services are adequate; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services domestic: mostly radiotelephone international: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use	62,000 (2002)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	15,000 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	3 (all in the Port Moresby area) note: additional stations at Mt. Hagen, Goroka, Lae, and Rabaul are planned (2004)	0 (TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia) (2006)
Terrain	mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	3.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	NA	-
Waterways	10,940 km (2003)	-

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